{"id":1462,"date":"2024-04-23T12:30:54","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T10:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/?p=1462"},"modified":"2024-04-24T11:33:26","modified_gmt":"2024-04-24T09:33:26","slug":"talibans-weakness-and-inefficiency-in-response-to-deadly-herat-earthquakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/talibans-weakness-and-inefficiency-in-response-to-deadly-herat-earthquakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Taliban\u2019s weakness and inefficiency in response to deadly Herat earthquakes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Lorsqu&#8217;une s\u00e9rie d&#8217;\u00e9normes tremblements de terre ont frapp\u00e9 la province afghane d&#8217;Herat en octobre 2023, la d\u00e9vastation laiss\u00e9e a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 une r\u00e9ponse rapide et comp\u00e9tente pour sauver des vies et aider les survivants. Cependant, la r\u00e9action des autorit\u00e9s talibanes a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019elles n\u2019\u00e9taient pas en mesure de planifier les catastrophes naturelles et de coordonner les efforts de secours ad\u00e9quats.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Soudain et impr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Les catastrophes naturelles comptent sans aucun doute parmi les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes les plus difficiles auxquels l\u2019humanit\u00e9 ait \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9e au cours de l\u2019histoire, rendus particuli\u00e8rement difficiles par leur soudainet\u00e9 et leur impr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9. L\u2019un des types de catastrophes les plus destructrices est le tremblement de terre, qui peut prendre quelques instants pour d\u00e9truire l\u2019infrastructure que les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ont cr\u00e9\u00e9e au fil des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. Dans les pays du monde en d\u00e9veloppement, la vague de ces catastrophes naturelles entra\u00eene de lourdes pertes en vies humaines et en biens. Plus un pays est faible en termes de comp\u00e9tences humaines et de capacit\u00e9s techniques, technologiques et de gestion, plus le nombre de victimes est \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Lorsque les gouvernements sont politiquement et \u00e9conomiquement isol\u00e9s et manquent de connaissances en mati\u00e8re de gestion des catastrophes et d\u2019att\u00e9nuation des risques, la population en paiera un prix tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9. Le s\u00e9isme meurtrier de magnitude 6,3 survenu cette ann\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion de Zindajan, \u00e0 40 km de la ville d&#8217;Herat, en est un parfait exemple. Selon les derniers chiffres, plus de 2 000 personnes sont mortes et une douzaine de villages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits dans ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&#8217;un des s\u00e9ismes les plus meurtriers \u00e0 avoir frapp\u00e9 l&#8217;Afghanistan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. En juin dernier, un s\u00e9isme de magnitude 5,9 dans les provinces orientales de Paktika et de Khost, limitrophes du Pakistan, avait tu\u00e9 plus de 1 000 personnes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">&#8220;La trag\u00e9die est tr\u00e8s \u00e9norme, nous ne pouvons pas vous la d\u00e9finir avec des mots simples.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">En raison du manque d\u2019\u00e9quipes de recherche et de sauvetage, de premiers secours et d\u2019outils et \u00e9quipements n\u00e9cessaires, le nombre de victimes a augment\u00e9 en quelques jours seulement. <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">&#8220;La trag\u00e9die est tr\u00e8s grande, nous ne pouvons pas vous la d\u00e9finir avec des mots simples. Les gens sont toujours coinc\u00e9s dans les d\u00e9combres, ils sont vivants, mais nous ne pouvons pas les atteindre&#8221;,<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 un survivant \u00e0 une cha\u00eene de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Une autre victime, Samira, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans une interview que leur maison avait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truite et qu&#8217;ils vivaient toujours dans leur jardin par crainte de l&#8217;effondrement du b\u00e2timent : <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">\u00ab Nos maisons sont compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9truites et nous ne pouvons pas y vivre. dehors, nous avons un jardin et nous n&#8217;avons pas de tente, et nous dormons en plein air jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, cela fait environ 15 jours et personne ne nous a aid\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Haji Ghafoor, another resident of Herat who has returned home, says that he is still afraid of the next earthquakes: <em>&#8220;We lived outside in the tent for about 23 days, it was very cold and no one helped us, it&#8217;s been five days since we came back home, we are very sad and worried.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The Taliban-led government in Afghanistan has an infantile understanding of disaster risk management due to the presence of uneducated and unskilled people in leadership positions, including in the disaster management department. Their approach is to send packages of flour and oil to the affected sites weeks after the event. But what is needed is an effective plan for coordinating the joint efforts between relief organisations, prioritising vital actions before, after, and during the disaster. This plays a fundamental role in reducing the death rate.<\/p>\n<p>In managing the risks of disasters, five stages are crucial: prevention, reduction, preparation, response and recovery. Where there is insufficient knowledge and management of these steps, the risk of a disaster turning into a tragedy is greatly increased.<\/p>\n<h2>Not allow aid<\/h2>\n<p>Had trained search and rescue teams with the right tools and equipment, first aid materials, and professional leadership skills been quickly dispatched to the area, we would not have seen the shocking number of casualties. Not only did the Taliban lack the ability to control the disaster planning or response themselves, except in the case of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), they did not allow aid workers from other organisations to enter the area for a number of days.<\/p>\n<p>Aid workers on the ground have reiterated that the Taliban is ill-prepared to deal with such a catastrophe. According to some working in the field, recovery efforts have been further hampered by the isolation from international support that resulted when the Taliban took power in 2021, as well as their decision to ban and remove women staffers from aid organisations.<\/p>\n<p>There are many gaps in the capacity of the Afghan National Disaster Management Agency (ANDMA), in terms of structure, policy and planning, logistics, and \u2013 most importantly \u2013 human resources and disaster management expertise.<\/p>\n<p>In reality, the majority of life-saving activities were carried out by humanitarian organisations and other countries, for instance :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A dozen trucks loaded with family tents, blankets, clothing, tool kits for shelter repair and reconstruction, and other items to facilitate access to clean water, were dispatched from IOM warehouses across the country. In this exceptional case, the trucks arrived within hours of the earthquake, following extensive efforts and discussions with the Taliban for permission to enter.<\/li>\n<li>Doctors, nurses, midwives, and mental health and psychosocial support counselors carrying essential medical supplies and equipment were also deployed to the affected areas.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">L&#8217;UNICEF a envoy\u00e9 10 000 kits d&#8217;hygi\u00e8ne, 5 000 kits familiaux, 1 500 ensembles de v\u00eatements et couvertures d&#8217;hiver, 1 000 b\u00e2ches et articles m\u00e9nagers de base pour soutenir les efforts humanitaires en cours.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">En raison de la d\u00e9vastation, des milliers de survivants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s. Le centre de transit de Gazarga, dans la ville d&#8217;Herat, a accueilli au moins 380 survivants du district de Zindajan (122 femmes, 14 hommes et 244 enfants) ainsi que ceux des villages touch\u00e9s d&#8217;autres zones. Les survivants r\u00e9sident dans des abris temporaires, avec des quantit\u00e9s limit\u00e9es de nourriture et d&#8217;eau fournies par des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles et des partenaires. La faiblesse et l&#8217;inefficacit\u00e9 des talibans ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es par la mauvaise r\u00e9ponse aux tremblements de terre meurtriers d&#8217;Herat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Une \u00e9valuation de l&#8217;International Rescue Committee (IRC), qui a interrog\u00e9 5 181 m\u00e9nages dans cinq districts, a indiqu\u00e9 que\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">96% des abris ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">80% du b\u00e9tail a \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">100 % des filles et 96 % des femmes sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des risques de protection, notamment \u00e0 la violence.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">47% des personnes interrog\u00e9es n&#8217;ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l&#8217;eau pour boire ou cuisiner.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">89 % des personnes interrog\u00e9es n&#8217;ont pas assez de lait ou de pr\u00e9parations pour nourrissons pour nourrir les b\u00e9b\u00e9s et les jeunes enfants.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Sans aide \u00e9trang\u00e8re, ce d\u00e9sastre aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 encore pire, car les talibans sont incapables de contr\u00f4ler la situation dans des situations critiques. Presque tous les experts et responsables de la gestion des catastrophes ont soit quitt\u00e9 le pays, soit ont \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9s par les talibans. Les mollahs (personnes religieuses) se voient d\u00e9sormais confier les postes les plus importants, tandis que les soldats talibans ne savent que tirer avec une arme \u00e0 feu, et non comment g\u00e9rer ou r\u00e9duire les risques de catastrophes naturelles.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">En tant qu&#8217;autorit\u00e9 dirigeante en Afghanistan, la r\u00e9ponse des talibans \u00e0 des situations d&#8217;urgence comme celle-ci s&#8217;est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e extr\u00eamement faible et inefficace.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>More than 2.000 people died and around 12 villages were completely destroyed in Herat province of Afghanistan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[25,389,390,391],"coauthors":[392],"class_list":["post-1462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internationaal","tag-afghanistan","tag-earthquak","tag-herat","tag-taliban-weakness"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1462"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1465,"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1462\/revisions\/1465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1462"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medialatitudes.be\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}